Introduction Indoor air quality has become a critical concern in modern society as people spend the majority of their time inside homes, offices, and commercial buildings. Studies indicate that individuals...
Introduction Air quality has become a major global concern as urbanization, industrial activity, and energy consumption continue to increase. In many regions, people are exposed daily to a complex mixture...
Introduction Smoke detection sensors have become an indispensable component of modern fire protection systems, playing a critical role in safeguarding lives, infrastructure, and industrial operations....
